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Q1.What is the definition
of "cycle use" and "standby use"?
A1."Cycle
Use" - direct power source:
It can provide the power supply to power tools, portable
electronic products. It can also be used for cycling
charging and discharging usage such as electronics motorbike
or vacuum cleaner.
"Standby Use" - back up power:
Mainly used for emergency power to avoid future damage
that may be caused by a sudden power outage.
Q2.Why is the charging voltage for "cycle
use" higher that the voltage used for "standby
use"?
A2.Cycle use is
a direct power source. The charging time can not be
too long for a user. The higher charging voltage can
provide longer maximum charging current during the charging
period. (A full charge should be Charging AH / Discharging
AH = 110% ~ 120%.)
|
Application |
Charging
voltage (V/cell) |
Max.
Charging Current (A) |
|
Temperature |
Design |
Tolerance |
|
Cycle
Use |
20¡ãC
(68¡ãF) |
2.45 |
2.40
~ 2.50 |
0.3C
|
|
Standby
Use |
20¡ãC
(68¡ãF) |
2.275 |
2.25
~ 2.30 |
Q3.What is the effect of different charging
currents on batteries?
A3.A higher charging
current can shorten charging time. However, a higher
charging will cause more heat and gas inside the battery
and could result in thermal runaway. The suggested charging
current for our battery is 0.3C.
Q4.What does "100% discharge"
and "50% discharge" mean?
A4.To illustrate, use
a fixed load to discharge (W or A). If the discharge
time is 10 minutes until the voltage comes down to the
final voltage then we can say it is 100% discharged.
In the same way, if the discharge time is 5 minutes
then it is 50% discharged. The table below shows the
relationship between "discharge current" and
"final voltage."
|
Discharge
current (A) |
Discharge
final voltage |
|
0.2C
> (A) |
1.75 |
|
0.5C
> (A) 3 0.2C |
1.7 |
|
1.0C
> (A) 3 0.5C |
1.55 |
|
(A)>=
1.0C |
1.30 |
Q5.Thermal runaway will happen if a
battery is operated under 40 - 50¡ãC for a long period.
How will thermal runaway effect a battery?
A5.Thermal runaway
in a battery will cause excessive heat generation, battery
swelling and result in a dangerous condition. CCB does
not recommend the use of our batteries for a long time
under a 40¡ã - 50¡ã C (104¡ã - 122¡ãF) environment.
The battery should not be used close to a heat source
or in a high temperature application.
Q6.How can you check a battery's performance?
A6.Different usage
applications will use different methods for evaluating
a battery's performance. Using a 20 hour rate or the
10 hour rate, you can use 0.05CA or 0.1CA to discharge
the battery until the battery reaches a terminal voltage
of 10.25 volts. You can then calculate the amp hours
to see if the battery fits the specifications or not.
For a 5 minutes rate, such as the CCB12V5Ah, you can
use a 21 watts/cell discharge till the terminal voltage
reaches a terminal voltage of 9.6 volts and then measure
the discharge time to see if it meets the final specifications
or not.
Q7.If a battery is stored for 6 months
at 30¡ãC (86¡ãF) since its manufacturing date,
how can you bring the battery's performance back to
90% in 1 hour's time? Will that procedure cause any
quality problems?
A7.A brand new battery
stored for 6 months since its manufacturing date will
loose 30-35% in performance. You can use 0.3CA, C.V.=14.7V/PCS
to charge for one hour. The battery should then return
to normal performance.
Q8.How can the conversion be made between
"watts (W)" and "amp hours (Ah)"?
A8.W=I x V = 4I (15
minute rate) = 2CV = 2V
Q9.Why "zero
voltage" might happen?
A9.Zero voltage means
there is a broken circuit. There could be several reasons
for a zero voltage state.
1.There could be a broken electrode column
2.Welding defects of the partition
3.Welding defects of the terminal
Q10.How can you tell if a battery is
good or bad?
A10.You should first
check the battery for defects such as a broken circuit,
a short, or a broken container. If an outward problem
is not apparent, then you will have to check the battery's
capacity using known measuring techniques to ascertain
the problem.
Q11.Self-discharge will reduce a battery's
performance gradually. What is the best storage environment
to minimize self-discharge? How can a battery be reverted
to normal performance?
A11.A battery will
drop its performance during the storage period automatically;
this phenomenon is denoted at "self-discharge."
This state of "self-discharge" cannot be avoided.
We suggest recharging
batteries during a storage period using the guidelines
outlined below.
|
Storage
temperature |
Suggested
charging interval |
Charging
methods |
|
Lower
than 20¡ãC (68¡ãF) |
Each
6 months |
C.V.
2.275 V/cell charge for 16 - 24 hours. |
|
20
- 30¡ãC (68 - 86¡ãF) |
Each
3 months |
C.V.
2.45 V/cell charge for 5 - 8 hours |
|
Over
30¡ãC (86¡ãF) |
Storage
to be avoided |
C.C.
0.05CA charge for 5 - 8 hours |
Normally
you may not get 100% performance back after storage
during the first recharge. That means those batteries
may need more than one recharge cycle. Please discharge
then recharge
for 3 cycles.
Q12.What is "over-discharge"
and what is it's effect on a battery?
A12.If the final voltage
is lower than the standard final voltage, we can say
the battery is "over-discharged." The state
will affect the battery's quality very seriously.
1.The "over discharge" state will cause overuse
of active material. The composition of the battery will
be changed by the over discharge. There will be degradation
of the plate.
2.It may bring out too much or large amounts of lead
sulfate (PbSO4) which could cause damage to the plate
structure. A recharge may not bring the full performance
of the battery back.
3.Recharging after over discharging may lead to short
failures.
Q13.What are the advantages of using
CCB batteries?
A13.1.Low self-discharge
rate, superior performance
2.High quality and competitive price of batteries.
3.Batteries for all applications, UPS, power tools,
telecommunications, etc.
4.Service supported after purchase by CCB
Q14.Why are there different plate designs
for different batteries?
A14.1.Customer demand
2.Special requirements dictate thickness and dimension
3.Our engineers will create the best design based on
usage and application
Q15.What is the effect of "floating
charge voltage" in relation to battery life?
Q16.You can use a serial or parallel
connection to discharge a battery. What is the difference
with a single "battery" discharge?
A16.In a perfect condition,
the discharge rate will increase with the number of
batteries connected in series or parallel. However,
there will be some lost during the energy transmission
by impedance such as a wire or an interface. The numbers
listed in our literature are based on average numbers;
the actual performance might have some variations.
Q17.If a battery fails, what will be
the indications?
A17.1.Lower performance
2.Low voltage
3.Cannot charge/recharge
4.Swelled container
5.Acid corrosion
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